draw weights on horseback

This is where we discuss Asian horseback archery.
Post Reply
User avatar
Justin Ma
Posts: 309
Joined: Fri Feb 05, 2010 6:00 am
Location: Bay Area, California, USA
Contact:

draw weights on horseback

Post by Justin Ma » Fri Feb 04, 2011 3:40 pm

Angela wrote:So if you still want to discuss this, you should really open a new thread as I suggested earlier. Because I'm still interested in where you get your information concerning "historical correctness" and "reality" of draw weight etc.
Hi Angela, I'm just starting to learn horseback riding (not yet horseback archery). Riding alone is very challenging, so I have respect for anyone who is able to combine both shooting and riding, regardless of the preferred draw weight.

As for references in draw weight... In this thread I reference draw weights figures from Stephen Selby's "Chinese Archery": http://atarn.net/phpBB2/viewtopic.php?t=1946 . According to Tang and Song dynasty references, mounted archery examinations called for draw weights upwards of 90#.

If you take a look at Adam Karpowicz's "Ottoman Turkish Bows: Manufacture & Design" p. 41, there is a table of draw weights for war and target bows from the Topkapi Palace collection. The average draw weight is 127#.
Last edited by Justin Ma on Fri Feb 04, 2011 4:01 pm, edited 1 time in total.
Daniel T.
Posts: 218
Joined: Mon Jun 29, 2009 1:08 pm
Location: Austria

Post by Daniel T. » Fri Feb 04, 2011 3:47 pm

Don't forget the Scythian bow: http://atarn.net/phpBB2/viewtopic.php?t=1929

Daniel
Reto
Posts: 327
Joined: Sun Mar 13, 2005 10:12 am
Location: Switzerland

Post by Reto » Fri Feb 04, 2011 7:22 pm

.... Maybe 40# were only possible for the Amazons? .. Or female archers where technique played a more important role than power and body armor was not that common?

R
jchocz
Posts: 67
Joined: Thu Dec 24, 2009 10:38 pm
Location: Czech rep.

Post by jchocz » Fri Feb 04, 2011 8:38 pm

Reto wrote:.... Maybe 40# were only possible for the Amazons? .. Or female archers where technique played a more important role than power and body armor was not that common?

R
':D'Reto: very witty and concise':D'


I attend regular training run at a maximum distance of 500 m. I know what is on the 42 km marathon run?

Angela writes:

All of these bows contain plenty of modern materials, including your Kaya, and the biocomposites. So what? Doesn't matter to most people in this thread, so why single out horseback archers for your criticism of putative historical incorrectness? If you feel "historically correct" shooting a bow made constructed with plenty of modern materials.

I want to complete the marathon course (however, I have modern clothes and shoes). But I have to train regularly and a lot of running. Only when I have the strength and stamina to get to your destination (otherwise there is no chance to complete the full marathon).

We have just a little muscle ... That is the reason for using a bow 30-35 lbs ...

By the way - it's not criticism. I ask ...

My English is poor. But perhaps it is understandable. :D :D
Daniel T.
Posts: 218
Joined: Mon Jun 29, 2009 1:08 pm
Location: Austria

Post by Daniel T. » Fri Feb 04, 2011 9:14 pm

Reto wrote:.... Maybe 40# were only possible for the Amazons? .. Or female archers where technique played a more important role than power and body armor was not that common?

R
You are forgetting the bronze scale armour bikinis!

Daniel
User avatar
Angela
Posts: 25
Joined: Mon Aug 06, 2007 9:23 am
Location: Mainz, Germany
Contact:

Post by Angela » Fri Feb 04, 2011 9:28 pm

My main point in the old discussion was actually not historic draw weights. If you want to be historically correct then that is something else, but I would be much more sceptical of written sources if I were you. One should not take everything at it's face value. Archaeological records are more interesting, although these are also limited. People in steppe cultures probably rode and shot from an early age, and practiced much of the day, and had very other reasons for doing so - their life depended on their proficiency. You cannot expect people today to emulate these people.

What annoyed me in the other thread was that several people (I don't know the extent of their experience in mounted archery) are insisting those of us doing modern horseback archery (although we like the traditional touch, we have no asperity toward historical authenticity) should be shooting much stronger bows, that it would be much better to shoot 60# and more from horseback, and that the majority of experienced horseback archers is obviously mistaken etc. I have tried to explain why mounted archery is not simply archery with a moving target, but nobody really commented on the explanations, just continually propagating strong draw weights from horseback. Perhaps we will meet sometimes and then these guys can show us just how easy it is...
jchocz
Posts: 67
Joined: Thu Dec 24, 2009 10:38 pm
Location: Czech rep.

Post by jchocz » Fri Feb 04, 2011 9:44 pm

Angela wrote:...People in steppe cultures probably rode and shot from an early age, and practiced much of the day, and had very other reasons for doing so - their life depended on their proficiency. You cannot expect people today to emulate these people.

What annoyed me in the other thread was that several people (I don't know the extent of their experience in mounted archery) are insisting those of us doing modern horseback archery (although we like the traditional touch, we have no asperity toward historical authenticity) should be shooting much stronger bows, that it would be much better to shoot 60# and more from horseback, and that the majority of experienced horseback archers is obviously mistaken etc.
I think it's a similar story of a soldier running from the battle of Marathon 42 km. Thousands of years, people thought that it is a legend ... Finally, someone tried. This is it.

In fact, nobody needs to run 42 kilometers. But it is a challenge ...
Storm
Posts: 32
Joined: Thu Sep 02, 2010 11:20 am
Location: Romania

Post by Storm » Fri Feb 04, 2011 11:22 pm

I have to start by saying that I do not have experience in horse archery at all. For this reason, I can only comment on the archery side.

Angela, You are saying that you have no asperity towards historical authenticity. I can understand and respect that. Since I am inspired by historical authenticity, I cannot clearly understand your point of view and what are you looking for when you shoot.

What I see in most modern horse archery is the following: the goal is to hit the target in it's center from horseback, as fast and as much as possible in a single pass from a relative small distance. It does not matter at all how hard the arrow strikes or what kind of arrows are used, if the technique is good or not, if the arrow fishtails or not and so on. Not even the horse speed is that important.

The way I would like to see it is totally different. The force of impact, arrow trajectory and speed of the horse would be at the utmost importance. Then comes the distance of shooting, and at the end the speed of shooting. But again, I am guided by historical facts.

Now, coming back to the draw weight subject. First let's set a framework. I would say that a bow is right for an archer when he/she can shoot it accurately on the ground, from a steady position, is able to hold the full draw for about 5 seconds without shaking, and is able to shoot at different positions around his body without moving the feet and without affecting full draw. If I for example could not do these things on the ground, I would never take that bow on a horse, even if I were a skilled rider. I do not think that the fact of being on the horse should dictate the bow one should use.For these reasons I have not referred to a precise poundage. Everyone should choose a bow for their own strength, but I have seen cases where some horse archers are clearly much stronger then their bows. In my opinion some horse archers, as well as many other archers too, ignore the proper techniques of shooting a bow, and choose to shoot lighter bows because their technique does not allow them to shoot the bow that they could. It is the easier way to use a lighter bow then to correct the technique. And coming back to actual numbers, I refuse to accept that all those shooting 35-40# bows on horseback shoot it because of their physical limits. Among pedestrian archers there is a sound distribution in bow poundages against archers weight, following the laws of statistics. For horse archers the things are different. There are horse archers shooting strong bows, but they are not that many.

It has been said on the other thread (Kaya thread) that it is harder to shoot accurate with a lighter bow and therefore this is the skill that should be perfected. I do not agree with this statement at all. One can do anything with a light bow, draw it in every possible position, shoot with bad technique and still hit the target. Check youtube for trick shooters hitting falling aspirins drawing their bows behind their backs. Is that proper technique? Clearly not but the bow allows them to do that because it is light.

One should ask himself: "Why am I shooting a bow? Do I just want to hit the target? Do I care how I hit it? Does it really matter that I hit it or not?" Here is a famous quote: "Sometimes we hit the target but we miss the self".

I cannot directly influence the horse archers today because I am not a horse archer, but I hope these words will reach some of them.
User avatar
Angela
Posts: 25
Joined: Mon Aug 06, 2007 9:23 am
Location: Mainz, Germany
Contact:

Post by Angela » Sat Feb 05, 2011 12:15 am

Storm wrote:Angela, You are saying that you have no asperity towards historical authenticity. I can understand and respect that. Since I am inspired by historical authenticity, I cannot clearly understand your point of view and what are you looking for when you shoot.
Quite simple. Due to my work in archaeology, it is my opinion that there is no such thing as historical authenticity. There is just too much we don't know. And even if one did know it all, it would be impossible to really "live" such a culture. It would be little more than a dressing-up game and I see little point in that. Many of us will incorporate some of the traditions of horseback archers (mainly those with simply practical value, e.g. bow type, quiver type, saddle type etc.) but we wouldn't presume to call ourselves "authentic" or anything like that. Just because you dress up as a Scythian or a Hun and shoot a bow in the strength you think a Scythian or Hun might have shot, that doesn't mean you have any inkling what it was like to really have lived in that culture.

I shoot from horseback because it is quite simply a wonderful sport!! Does it need any more reason?
I cannot directly influence the horse archers today because I am not a horse archer, but I hope these words will reach some of them.
You say yourself that you have no experience in horseback archery - yet you want to tell others how things should be done, based on your theory and personal preferences. Sorry, but I find that a bit presumptuous. As I have tried to explain several times, what you call "historical facts" is a very vague construct (I deal with that day in day out). To be honest, I think the least one should at least try to gather quite a bit of practical experience first. Because then you may start to see things in a different light, and suddenly see the point of some things. There are things you cannot read in books or glean from the historical record, you have to experience it. But I have tried, several times, to explain that horseback archery is not just a matter of getting on a horse and doing exactly what you do on the ground, but that is obviously not what some people want to hear.
What I see in most modern horse archery is the following: the goal is to hit the target in it's center from horseback, as fast and as much as possible in a single pass from a relative small distance. It does not matter at all how hard the arrow strikes or what kind of arrows are used, if the technique is good or not, if the arrow fishtails or not and so on. Not even the horse speed is that important.
Sorry, but that is simply not true. Try participating in the hungarian style competition with a bad technique, wobbly arrows and a runaway horse, you would realize very soon that these factors matter very much. Again here, a bit of practical experience would put the record straight very quickly.

To be honest, I have had enough of having to justify the way I (and many others) carry out my sport - all because I dared ask whether the new Kaya bows are available in 35#. I give up on this thread, I just don't see the point. You can discuss the theory of mounted archery as much as you like, I prefer to just get on my horse and shoot my bow.
Storm
Posts: 32
Joined: Thu Sep 02, 2010 11:20 am
Location: Romania

Post by Storm » Sat Feb 05, 2011 1:07 am

Yes, I was actually referring to Hungarian style competition. You are right that I don't have the experience, but I can form my opinion based on what i see around. Check the link below to see what others with some years of experience in this style are saying:

http://ijaszutja.hu/index.php?option=co ... &Itemid=73

I have nothing with you shooting a 35#. My wife also shoots a 35# bow. What I don't like is the following statement: "many experienced horseback archers shoot bows around 35# because, after years of experience, they have formed the opinion that these are most efficient for the job." The job being high scoring in the Hungarian type competition. This part is usually left out and people outside the world of archery or who are just starting out, but most importantly, archers who are not familiar with horse archery, are led to believe that there's no point in shooting anything beyond that from the back of a horse. This type of competition does not give a chance to other styles, therefore it is not objective. It adds constraints to horse archers instead of expanding their horizons. It limits variety and personal styles.
yet you want to tell others how things should be done
No, you got me all wrong. I am telling others that there are other ways but it looks like they don't want to hear that.

I think Jchocz summarized it best. He said more in a sentence than I did in half a page. My respects!
In fact, nobody needs to run 42 kilometers. But it is a challenge ...
WarBow
Posts: 73
Joined: Mon Jul 20, 2009 6:28 am
Location: Canada

Post by WarBow » Sat Feb 05, 2011 5:49 am

There are two camps (or even more) to the discussion. We should have two or more categories of horseback archery competition then - one for light, medium and heavy draw weight. They are not mutually exclusive but complementary.

Historically, horseback archers from different cultures and periods converge on a draw weight range of 90 to 120 lbs. Given modern lifestyle is a lot more sedentary than what it used to, we can't expect most folks to adopt very high draw weight on horseback.
User avatar
Angela
Posts: 25
Joined: Mon Aug 06, 2007 9:23 am
Location: Mainz, Germany
Contact:

Post by Angela » Sat Feb 05, 2011 9:28 am

Storm wrote:What I don't like is the following statement: "many experienced horseback archers shoot bows around 35# because, after years of experience, they have formed the opinion that these are most efficient for the job."
Whether you like it or not, that is the case. I just can't understand it how on the one hand you have never tried horseback archery and yet still think pure theory is enough to assess the challenges of the sport, without having gathered the personal experience which might just give you better insight than a thousand books will do. If you just tried it you might begin to understand why these people say this, yu might feel for yourself the big difference. But you don't want to try, and so you won't understand. That is no basis for a productive discussion, that's just dogmatism. And that's why I give up discussing that with you.
Historically, horseback archers from different cultures and periods converge on a draw weight range of 90 to 120 lbs.
I ask again - where are the archaeological hard facts for that? A bowyer friend (Snake-Jo, perhaps he is on this forum too) of mine is one of the few people to have handled several archaeological bow remains, ones which can possibly be attributed to horse archers. These were around 50#, the strongest being 80#, which someone who had been practicing that kind of thing from horseback since childhood, and for many hours daily, may have been able to handle. It may also have been a training bow to use daily on foot, a few of my colleagues do that nowadays too. That's just it - even if you have bow remains, you don't know if they were really in everyday or warfare use, or rather "show" or training weapons.

Somebody complained on the other post that they are annoyed at people "stating as fact (such as Kassai, on a documentary I've seen) that the absolute maximum old time military horse archers would use is 40 lb". On the other hand, several people here (some of them with no horseback archery) are happy to blithely quote much higher draw weights as "fact" with not much to back that up either. I have the feeling people pick out what they want to believe from the historical sources, things which historians would be very careful to take at face value.

The archaeological record will never suffice to get a complete picture. But Kassai at least has a wealth of experience, and is probably one of the few people who spends as much time in the archer's saddle as those from the steppe cultures. He at least knows from experience what is possible, what is effective, and what is neccesary. I am sure he would have no problems shooting 80# from horseback, if he thought it correct, or if he just wanted to impress... It may well be possible to shoot very high draw weights sideways from horseback (if you have a very well-behaved horse...), but it simply isn't effective, because it compromises far too much. And it is simply not necessary. The whole point of horseback warfare is that you don't have to shoot someone from 200 metres away. You can get closer to the enemy and then get the hell out of there again quickly. And you have to be agile enough with your bow to be able to shoot in all directions. And if you shoot accurately, you can do plenty of damage with a 40# bow.

Just a little exercise for some people here who want to try something new: Find a friend who has a motorbike, sit on the back. Don't put your feet on the footrests. Or if you prefer to emulate those who had proto-stirrups (or horseback archery today), stand up slightly, so you are hovering slightly over the seat. Ask your friend to drive at 60 km/h (sorry, don't know what that is in miles, you'll find it), preferably on a dirt track. And then take that 80# or whatever bow of yours, turn right round and try to do a parthian shot accurately. Full draw please, no cheating. Then turn to the right and try to shoot a target "over the horse's neck" as it were. Keep at it for a while, preferably a few hours. Try again tomorrow. And then think about how it might be if you had to handle a horse at the same time.
jchocz
Posts: 67
Joined: Thu Dec 24, 2009 10:38 pm
Location: Czech rep.

Post by jchocz » Sat Feb 05, 2011 10:40 am

Angela wrote:Whether you like it or not, that is the case. I just can't understand it how on the one hand you have never tried horseback archery and yet still think pure theory is enough to assess the challenges of the sport, without having gathered the personal experience which might just give you better insight than a thousand books will do.

... That is no basis for a productive discussion, that's just dogmatism. And that's why I give up discussing that with you.

I am sure he would have no problems shooting 80# from horseback, if he thought it correct, or if he just wanted to impress...

... The whole point of horseback warfare is that you don't have to shoot someone from 200 metres away. You can get closer to the enemy and then get the hell out of there again quickly. And you have to be agile enough with your bow to be able to shoot in all directions. And if you shoot accurately, you can do plenty of damage with a 40# bow.
Use a simile. Today's tank weapon is a very modern destructive device. Allows you to shoot while driving (the stabilizers, laser tracking ...). The tank from World War II could also shoot while driving (hit the target site was more a coincidence ...). Shooting from the tank in World War II in motion rather because spread terror. If you wanted a tank gunner to hit the target, had to stop and shoot at the target site. Today the use of weapons against the tank can be taken as a yardstick!

Modern archery from horses (Kassai, etc.) is especially attractive. Kassai doing a good thing especially in the promotion of horse archery. He invented the style. Comparison to the shooting of a motorcycle is good. However, it corresponds to reality in history? Today all of this rather claim to be the appropriate style of historical reality.

Horse allow more rapid approach to the destination. Archer for a little while to stop and shoot the horse. Then it is not ruled out the use of heavy bows. On the other hand, rapid approach to the objectives and rapid gunfire while driving has a strong psychological effect ... Even not rule it out.
Storm
Posts: 32
Joined: Thu Sep 02, 2010 11:20 am
Location: Romania

Post by Storm » Sat Feb 05, 2011 11:28 am

The whole point of horseback warfare is that you don't have to shoot someone from 200 metres away. You can get closer to the enemy and then get the hell out of there again quickly. And you have to be agile enough with your bow to be able to shoot in all directions. And if you shoot accurately, you can do plenty of damage with a 40# bow.
Try getting close to foot archers then; consider that a horse archer is a much bigger target and cannot hide behind a shield.
Shooting in all directions...yes it would be nice to see. For now I am only seeing shooting from front left to back left.

As for damage with 40#. A chain mail would stop that. Also, try shooting real arrows that weigh 30+ grams with that bow instead of the low weight and diameter carbon arrows . Maximum range would be around 150-170m then. With that weight, even if it hits it won't do much damage. War arrows were much heavier.

Try reading Arab Archery and Saracen Archery for information about bow and arrow weights, horse archery, technique and many more. The first one was written in a time where horse archery was at it's peak in warfare (around 1500), containing knowledge accumulated in hundreds of years. Archeological facts cannot provide such detail. A bow found in a grave might be a ceremonial bow, hunting bow and so on. You cannot be sure that it was a war bow. By the way, in which areas have you discovered the bows and remains you are talking about?
daryush
Posts: 228
Joined: Thu Apr 09, 2009 7:49 am
Location: Nottingham, UK

Post by daryush » Sat Feb 05, 2011 1:25 pm

Angela - there are a couple of things I'd like to say here.

First off, I recall reading that below 60 lb or so, a horn sinew composite is actually pretty inefficient. Wooden bows, I think, are more efficient at these poundages.

Secondly, I'd like you to take your 40 lb bow, and shoot it at several layers of steel plate, or whatever. Horse archers did encounter armoured enemies. The Parthians at Carrhae were reported to pin the Romans to their shields and pin them to the ground. Do you think this might be possible with a 40 lb bow?
(I'm not saying it absolutely won't because I've never tried it. But it would be nice to hear if it did work or not)

Also, at the distances used in modern HBA competitions, any military horseback archer would be an easy target for a javelin, arrow (fired from presumably a much heavier infantry bow), musket ball, enemy rush, whatever. When you're seven metres from the enemy line, it may well be better to save on ammunition and go in melee.

There are a couple of other problems I have with Kassai's autheniticity in HBA, but this thread is about draw weights so I won't go into them here.
Post Reply